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 Mercy and Wisdoms Behind the Disasters and the Calamities

Why does Allah(swt) not prevent the disasters and the catastrophes but allows them?

Disasters and disorders seeming outwardly unfavorable are indeed good.

All troubles, calamities; briefly anything seeming outwardly unfavorable and evil are actually favorable and pleasing.
All creatures in the universe are divided into two parts. First is the group of the creatures which are beautiful, favorable themselves (Husn-u Bizzat); the other group is the group of creatures which are favorable by their conclusion. (Husn-u Bilgayr) For instance; health is good itself, while the illness is good by its results and conclusion. Because, by means of an illness, man can understand the value of his health and discovers his life once again. And his illness brings him a great deal of good deeds if he manages to be patient with it.

Allah (swt) tests man in this world. Diseases and the calamities are the requirements of this test

“Certainly, We shall test you with something of fear and hunger, some loss of wealth, lives and fruits (of your toil), but give glad tidings to (As-Sabirin) those who patiently persevere.” (Baqara, 155)

By means of the afflictions, Allah shows His own attributes and names on man

For instance, a dressmaker shows his own proficiency and art on a dress. So he will cut and sew some parts of the cloth to shape it as a dress. Cutting the cloth, even though seems as if ruining it, is just a part of the dressmaker’s art and also a necessary and an essential action to show his proficiency.
Likewise, we reflect upon the Holy names of Allah (swt) and understand that He is “Shafii” by His giving shifa and curing the sick; and that He is “Al Razzaq” (The Provider) by His providing the whole needs of all creatures and feeding the hungry and also “Muin” by His helping the disaster victims.

Through sufferings, Allah (swt) warns His servants against sins and mistakes

For instance, if a child is about to make big mistakes that will cause serious damages, his parents or his teacher will give him some kind of warnings. If he pays attention, these warnings are definitely better for him than getting into trouble.
Likewise; for Allah is the merciful, He gives warnings to them through sufferings in order to prevent them from making mistakes and committing sins.

Allah gives diseases and sufferings to His servants in order to bring them closer to Himself

Let’s think about a child again. When he is in trouble, he runs back to his mother and takes refuge in her merciful arms asking for help for his frightened and weak heart. In the same way, under sufferings and difficulties, the servant seeks help and strength for his impotence and despair. He takes refuge in the eternal mercy and the infinite might of his Lord and finds the everlasting compassion he needs.

Allah (swt) through afflictions wants to save His servants from the hard torments of hell

Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) says that;
“No fatigue, nor disease, nor sorrow, nor sadness, nor hurt, nor distress befalls a Muslim, even if it were the prick he receives from a thorn, except that Allah expiates some of his previous sins for that.” (Muslim)
If a believer keeps his patience when he endures afflictions, he will receive forgiveness of his Lord and get rid of his sins which will cause in the hereafter.

Through afflictions Allah (swt) prevents His servants from conceit and arrogance

A man forgetting the existence of Allah (swt) and his responsibilities of being a servant, just lives for this ephemeral world. So ignoring the death, he considers his mortal life as the everlasting. But when death comes, he has nothing in his hands to take with him to the hereafter.
However, through the disasters and calamities, man comprehends how much impotent he is even against a germ, remembers his debt of gratitude to the All-Compassionate Allah(swt), the only One who protects him from all the dangers and the only One who can save him from all his troubles.

In proportion to the degree of the diseases or the afflictions, Allah (swt) increases the reward (thawab) of His servants

Sometimes, just one hour illness equals to one day’s worship for the patient servants. The distress of a few years-illness and affliction may bring about million years’ weal and happiness of the eternal life.
Because there are two types of worship. One is the worship done by the prayer, supplication and etc; the other one is like calamities and the illnesses. By means of these, man realizes his impotence and performs a sincere worship and supplication taking his refuge in his All-Compassionate Lord.

Allah gives the rank of martyrdom to His servants who die because of an incurable illness

Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle said, "While a man was going on a way, he saw a thorny branch and removed it from the way and Allah became pleased by his action and forgave him for that." Then the Prophet said, "Five are martyrs: One who dies of plague, one who dies of an abdominal disease, one who dies of drowning, one who is buried alive (and) dies and one who is killed in Allah's cause." (The Prophet further said, "If the people knew the reward for pronouncing the Adhan and for standing in the first row (in the congregational prayer) and found no other way to get it except by drawing lots they would do so, and if they knew the reward of offering the Zuhr prayer early (in its stated time), they would race for it and they knew the reward for 'Isha' and Fajr prayers in congregation, they would attend them even if they were to crawl') (Bukhari :: Book 1 :: Volume 11 :: Hadith 624 )
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle said, "Five are regarded as martyrs: They are those who die because of plague, abdominal disease, drowning or a falling building etc., and the martyrs in Allah's Cause." (Bukhari :: Book 4 :: Volume 52 :: Hadith 82)

Diseases and afflictions make man become aware of precious bounties

Through diseases and afflictions, man appreciates the value of the bounties; good health and comfortable living conditions which were never appreciated by man because of his arrogance though they were sent to him as gifts from the treasure of eternal mercy of his Lord.
Man appreciates the value of the bounties he has when he is about to lose them. And also things are known through their opposites. For instance, if there were no cold, heat could not be comprehended and if there happen to be no hunger, man would never apprehend the pleasure of food and eating. Kaynak: http://askaquestionto.us - Mercy and Wisdoms Behind the Disasters and the Calamities